The Connection between Civilization and Individuals in...

In Civilization and Its Discontents, Sigmund Freud writes primarily to examine the relationship between the individual and society. Through Freuds examination of the relationship, a deeper understanding of the complexity of mental life is realized. Freud begins to develop the relationship early in the work by depicting the most primitive realizations of self and the most primitive realizations of the external world. He further develops this relationship through the musing of sexual desire and its connections to love, which he claims, lead to the formation of families and then later groups of humanity that came to comprise civilization as a whole. Through questions raised concerning society, culture, history and the self, Freud is able to†¦show more content†¦This fulfillment would later lead to love and the formation of families. In addition, the ego seeks not only pleasure in the fulfillment of sexual desires, but in companionship of a more plutonic nature. This form of com panionship, according to Freud, leads to the formation of civilization. Freud writes that civilization is perpetuated and developed through the internalization of natural aggressiveness, and that the repression of such aggressiveness in the interest of civilization leads to the formation of the superego and thus feelings of guilt, not only for carrying out such aggressiveness, but for musing upon it. Therefore, Freud seeks to imply that the relationship between mental life and civilization is intertwined, that they are dependent upon one another. Freuds realization that mental life and civilization are so connected helps him to achieve a deeper understanding of the complexity of mental life. He comes to conclude that the development of each, if not the same process applied to different kinds of object, then they are at the very least similar. Freuds examination of the relationship between civilization and the individual allows him to note that the individual seeks to serve itself while at the same time serving civilization, just as civilization seeks to create unity among humans while perpetuating its own self. Freud also comes to conclude through hisShow MoreRelatedFreud s Theory Of Instincts And The Individual Psyche1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"Civilization and its Discontents†, we are introduced to a new outlook in the way we view our lives due to his analysis of civilization and how it has affected our happiness. Freud uses his theory of instincts in order to explain what encourages us as well as how our behavior is all linked together and is motivated by our instincts. He explains why humans seek happiness and how it is one of the toughest things to achieve. Towards the end of his book he also gives an insight onRead MoreSigmund Freud: A Very Brief Biography1582 Words   |  7 Pages INTRO Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential figures in modern psychology. He is best known as the father of psychoanalysis. He developed several important theories of personality, including the theories of mind, the id, the ego, and the superego, life and death instincts, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. He also published many books that helped shape psychology into what it is today. EARLY LIFE Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in Moravia, Czech RepublicRead MoreFreuds Interpretation of Dreams1176 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamentals of society view on civilization and discontents, dreams, psychoanalysis and the unconscious. For this paper, I will be discussing Freud’s fundamentals of dreams, what dreams represents, how dreams are constructed and its significance while paying close attention to the following areas of dreams, manifest and latent content, condensation and displacement, and censorship and repression. First, let examined the definition of dream according to Sigmund Freud â€Å"dream is the disguised fulfilmentRead More Human Suffering: Preventing Humans From Achieving True Happiness2123 Words   |  9 Pagesachieve complete happiness? Answering this question completely is impossible because humans are very complex and each one of us has a different definition of happiness. Sigmund Freud took a different approach to the question of human happiness. In an excerpt from his book, which is titled Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud identified what he felt were the three main sources of human suffering. He says â€Å"...the three sources from which our suffering comes: the superior power of nature, the feeblenessRead MoreThe Supreme Court Decision Roe V. Wade Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesin our society. What is it about a woman’s right to choose that is so polarizing for so many Americans? And what keeps this social issue at the forefront decade after decade? Religion. Religious beliefs and practices influence views on abortion. Individuals with higher levels of commitment to religious groups tend to oppose abortion at higher rates than those with lower levels of commitment (Liu, 2009). According to Pew Research, 54% of White evangelical protestants believe that abortion should beRead MoreInvisible Man11097 Words   |  45 PagesPurely psych oanalytic interpretations of Invisible Man are rare, even though Ellison clearly threads the theories of at least Freud throughout his novel.(2) Because of the rarity of psychoanalytic critiques of Invisible Man, this paper will examine the character of the invisible man in the Prologue and Epilogue of Ellison s masterpiece using the theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Jacques Lacan. The first step in this study should be to look at previous psychoanalytic critiques ofRead MoreUsing Psychoanalysis to Understand Human Behavior Essay4081 Words   |  17 PagesPurely psychoanalytic interpretations of Invisible Man are rare, even though Ellison clearly threads the theories of at least Freud throughout his novel.(2) Because of the rarity of psychoanalytic critiques of Invisible Man, this paper will examine the character of the invisible man in the Prologue and Epilogue of Ellison’s masterpiece using the theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Jacques Lacan. The first step in this study should be to look at previous psychoanalytic critiques ofRead MoreFreudian Psychology: Main Ideas3015 Words   |  13 Pagesis Sigmund Freud’s work, thought to be created between 1900 and 1939, which still is a very vibrant thread in history and psychology today. According to Sigmund Freud the unconscious mind is a reservoir of repressed impulses and desires in your mind, while you may be completely awake you are still unaware of the mental processes that are taking place. Though the repressed impulses control the way we think, act, and above all feel. Freud also talks about the conflict within each individual betweenRead More Herbert Marcuse’s An Essay on Liberation3414 Words   |  14 Pageswill not occur or ought not to have occurred. Capital and proletariat have both been equally unfaithful to Marx. - Albert Camus, 1953 The validity of Marxist political theory has been seriously challenged by the realities of European civilization, both during the inter-war years and especially after WWII. The threat has been two-fold; on the one hand, was the refusal of capitalism to fail, a failure that Marxists had been predicting as immanent ever since the mid-twentieth century; on theRead MoreThe Subconscious Psychopath in American Psycho2985 Words   |  12 Pagesstate only makes our hidden savagery more apparent. The film American Psycho and philosopher Freud brings attention to examples in which the further we try to get from living like animals the more savage we become. In American Psycho, businessman Patrick Bateman is in a constant struggle to suppress his dark fantasies and put on a mask of sanity, which only leads to more frequent and elaborate fantasies. Freud also refers to many instances where his patients struggle with anxiety due to attempting to

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 2381 Words

In 2015, same-sex marriage has been ruled legal in all 50 states but that wasn’t always the case. Gay Marriage has been a conflict since the Roman Empire. In 342 AD Christian emperors Constantius and Constans issued a law in the Theodosian Code prohibiting same-sex marriage in Rome and ordering execution for those who married. Marriage existed between a male Roman and female Roman citizen, so that marriage between two Roman males (or with a slave) would have no legal standing in Roman law. In the United States, same-sex marriage is recognized by the U.S. federal government and is legal in 35 U.S. states. Most Americans live in a jurisdiction where same-sex couples can legally marry. Same-sex marriage in New York became legal in July 24, 2011. New York is the seventh state to license same-sex marriage. As an institution that has become more egalitarian and is considered to be a human right, marriage should be made available to couples regardless of gender. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, making the Empire State the sixth in the nation to allow gay and lesbian couples to wed, in 2009. In 2012, Barack Obama becomes the first sitting president to announce his support for same-sex marriage. Voters in Maine, Maryland and Washington state approve laws legalizing same-sex marriage, becoming the first states to do so through popular votes. In 2013, The Supreme Court strikes down part of the federal Defense of Marriage Act, requiring theShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. The laws change as the people’s mind change. As they get more comfortable with the idea, they become more openRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay14 75 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Denying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing view is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

Personal and Community Health

Question: Explain the Influences on personal and community health and well-being. Answer: Heath-promoting personal activities will identify the common issues and challenges associated with public health campaigns. Therefore, significant health and well-being programmes can promote responsibility and accountability to the social public to inspire more health activities and promotional works. Significantly, the understanding of the challenges can create further enthusiasm among the social community to play active roles in health and well-being promotions. Health and related social justice issues There are some health and related social justice issues to be critically understood through practical activities. For instance, child care facilities, women care facilities and care of old people must follow significant regulations and ethical consideration. The use of significant drugs in healthcare system will be critical in this regard. Also, public health should be promoted before money in the health care system. Meanwhile, health organisations must sort out monetary benefits from the system to concentrate more on public health. Application Participation, interpersonal, practical, and group skills to an area related to health In case of health related activities, participation is truly essential for health and well-being of social people. By identifying the existing issues and problems, individuals can create campaigns and training programmes to improve the condition. Also, for better result proper interpersonal activities are mandatory. In case of practical skills, for social healthcare activities, significant management ideas and decision-making skills are essential. In addition to that, group skills are also necessary to reflect the overall ideas to the other community people for better public health measures. Health literacy skills to relevant tasks By identifying the social culture and economic contexts of a society, significant health information and services system can be developed so that social public can utilise appropriate health information for better lifestyle. By promoting health communication programmes from the governments end, public health and awareness can be delivered among the social demographics. The health literacy skills will encourage the public to gather more knowledge on health facilities available in the healthcare system. Personal and social actions to promote improved health outcomes for individuals and communities In order to promote improved health outcomes specific for societal benefits, health awareness campaigns will be the crucial point to improvise any public health and well-being message to the rest of the community. Therefore, individuals and famous social activists should come forward and explain the people about the benefits of health awareness campaigns. Also, donation and charity programmes must be created with the help of local public to raise massive funds for cancer patients and child care facilities. Critical Analysis and Evaluation Personal and social actions to promote improved health outcomes for individuals and communities Social people should step forward and involve in health promotion activities on a regular basis. Whether it will be drug awareness programme or blood donation programme, social public must come forward to join health movements. In case of promoting child care, donation and charity functions can be organised to achieve the overall health-promoting goals and social health and well-being. In this way, personally individuals can help to promote public health for better futuristic outcome. Conclusion At the end of the discussion, it can be said that practical activities will certainly build up significant health strategies among the social people for better health promotions. By identifying the issues and challenges on health, health literacy programmes can enhance the knowledge and communication among the social people and health services. In this way, promotion of health awareness can create a positive effect on social health measures. References Carvalho, C Y Solomon, "Supporting statistical literacy: What do culturally relevant/realistic tasks show us about the nature of pupil engagement with statistics?". inInternational Journal of Educational Research, 55, 2012, 57-65. Clarke, S, L Oades, T Crowe, P Caputi, F Deane, "The role of symptom distress and goal attainment in promoting aspects of psychological recovery for consumers with enduring mental illness". inJournal of Mental Health, 18, 2009, 389-397. Kim, A, "Religious Influences on Personal and Societal Well-being". inSocial Indicators Research, 62/63, 2013, 149-170. Martinez, R, "Promoting Physical Activity Through Goal Setting Strategies". inStrategies, 17, 2014, 25-26. Wheeler, D H Goodman, "Health and Mental Health Social Workers Need Information Literacy Skills". inHealth Social Work, 32, 2007, 235-237. Zahnd, W, "Health Literacy Skills in Rural and Urban Populations". inajhb, 33, 2009. Zschaebitz, E D Gordon, "Appalachian Health and Well-Being". inFamily Community Health, 36, 2013, 89-90.

Othello Tragism Essays - Othello, English-language Films

Othello Tragism William Shakespeare's "Othello" presents all of the elements of a great tragedy, according to Aristotle's definition: "A tragedy is the imitation in dramatic form of an action that is serious and complete, with incidents arousing pity and fear wherewith it effects a catharsis of such emotions" (Poetics 14) He also adds, "The language used is pleasurable and throughout, appropriate to the situation in which it is used." The central features of the Aristotelian archetype are manifested in General Othello's character. Although Othello is great, he is not perfect. He has a tragic flaw, hubris (excessive pride and passion), and hamartia (some error), which lead to his downfall. However, Othello's misfortune is not wholly deserved. His punishment exceeds the crime, keeping him admirable in the theatergoer's eyes. Before Othello's tragic flaw results in his unfortunate death, he has increased awareness and gained self-knowledge or, as Aristotle describes it "has experienced a discovery." (Poetics 15) All of this produces a catharsis or emotional release at the end of the play. A tragedy, when well performed, does not leave an audience in a state of depression but creates a shared, common experience. What causes Othello's downfall? Some critics claim that Othello's tragic flaw is his jealousy while others insist that jealousy is not part of his character, that the emotion takes over only when Iago pushes him to the brink of insanity. Evidence in the play supports the notion of insanity. Othello doesn't show himself to be jealous early in the play. It is not until Othello is manipulated by Iago's skillful lies that he is forced to confront his jealousy and mistrust. His love and trust of Iago serve to prove his gullibility, Jealousy and self-doubt poison his sensibilities and innocence, and the realization of his blind trust leads to his sorrowful end. As with most of Shakespeare's tragic heroes, Othello possesses all the virtues prescribed for the character type. He is of noble birth; he is self-controlled; he is religious; he has the respect of his men; and he demonstrates excellent leadership. His magnetism is what draws Venetian senators and soldiers alike and what captivates Desdemona. All of this supports the idea that he is not (at the play's opening) a jealous, enraged, or mad man. He has convincing self-esteem which he later loses to the deception of Iago's evil ploy. It can be noted that Othello's character flaw is his blind trust and naivet?. These character traits contribute to his misled downfall. It would be neglectful, if not irresponsible, to overlook Iago's role in the play. His hate for Othello and Cassio drives his evil motive through a string of lies affecting the entire cast. From the first act, the antagonist is troubled: I know my price, I am worth no worse a place. But he (as loving his own pride and purposes) Evades them with a bumbast circumstance Horribly stuff'd epithites of war, [And in conclusion,] Nonsuits my mediators; for, "Certes," says he, "I have already chose my officer." And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine (A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife), That never set a squadron in the field, Nor the division of a battle knows (Othello. I.i.11-23) Iago never reveals his dissatisfaction with the military arrangement to Othello. Instead, he makes use of Othello's innocence and trust to satisfy his wicked end. He constantly boasts of his love for Othello and patronizes him regularly throughout the play. At Iago's first attempt to instill jealousy in the trusting Othello, he is successful. Othello's concern at Iago's implications entices him to learn more. Iago plays a verbal game with Othello to arouse suspicion. This piques Othello's interest and starts his mind to wonder. Iago is successful at the point he proclaims, O, beware, my lord, of jealousy! It is the green-ey'd monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger; But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet [strongly] loves! (Othello. III.iii.163-168) One of the major qualities that comes to mind when assessing Othello is his trustfulness. He claims that Iago is a man of honesty and trust; "To his conveyance I assign my wife" (I.iii.286). Othello has no reason to distrust Iago at this point. Time after time, Othello fails to see through Iago's deceptions. Iago is a military man; Othello is familiar dealing with soldiers and men he trusts and, moreover, Iago has a widespread reputation for honesty. Othello